a freedman

lībertīnus, a, um, adj. [libertus], of or belonging to the condition of a freedman (opp. ingenuus, of the condition of a freeborn person; cf. in the foll. the passage Tac. A. 15, 57, and under II. A. the passage from Gai. Inst. 1, 10 and 11):

homo liber, qui se vendidit, manumissus non ad suum statum revertitur, quo se abdicavit, sed efficitur libertinae condicionis,

enters into the condition of a freedman, becomes a freedman, Dig. 1, 5, 21:

in classem mille socii navales cives Romani libertini ordinis scribi jussi,

Liv. 43, 12, 9; 42, 27, 3 (for which:

navales socii cives Romani, qui servitutem servissent,

id. 40, 18, 7); Suet. Gram. 18:

Atilius quidam libertini generis,

Tac. A. 4, 62; 2, 85; Suet. Aug. 44:

libertinus homo,

a freedman, Cic. Balb. 11, 28; id. Cat. 3, 6, 14; id. Verr. 2, 1, 47, § 124; cf.:

mulieris libertinae sermo,

of a freedwoman, Liv. 39, 13, 2:

libertina mulier,

Tac. A. 15, 57; Suet. Calig. 16:

ut me libertino patre natum,

of a father who was a freedman, Hor. S. 1, 6, 6;

so,

id. ib. 45; 46; id. Ep. 1, 20, 20:

sunt etiam libertini optimates,

Cic. Sest. 45, 97:

miles,

Suet. Aug. 25:

plebs,

Plin. 14, 4, 5, § 48:

opes,

Mart. 5, 13, 6:

homines libertini ordinis,

Gell. 5, 19, 12.—Hence,

Subst.

lībertīnus, i, m., a freedman (in reference to his status in society or the state;

whereas a freedman was called libertus in reference to the manumitter): qui servus est, si manumittatur, fit libertinus,

Quint. 5, 10, 60; cf.:

servus cum manumittitur, libertinus: addictus recepta libertate ingenuus,

id. 7, 3, 27:

liberorum hominum alii ingenui sunt, alii libertini. Ingenui sunt, qui liberi nati sunt: libertini sunt, qui ex justa servitute manumissi sunt,

Gai. Inst. 1, §§ 10 and 11; Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 10:

sed ita pars libertinorumst, nisi patrono qui advorsatust, ni illi offecit, etc.,

id. Pers. 5, 2, 57:

Ti. Gracchus libertinos in urbanas tribus transtulit,

Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 38; id. Phil. 3, 6 fin.:

libertini centuriati,

Liv. 10, 21, 4:

libertinis detrahenda est auctoritas,

Quint. 11, 1, 88:

neminem libertinorum adhibitum ab eo cenae,

Suet. Aug. 74:

primus omnium libertinorum scribere' historiam orsus,

id. Rhet. 3:

quae deberetur cuidam libertino, clienti tuo,

id. Caes. 2; cf. id. Claud. 26; Hor. S. 2, 3, 281:

unde Mundior exiret vix libertinus honeste,

id. ib. 2, 7, 12:

libertinis nullo jure uti praetextis licebat,

Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.—

Transf., the son of a freedman, opp. libertus, the freedman himself (only acc. to a statement of Suetonius and of Isidore; v. the foll.):

ignarus, temporibus Appii et deinceps aliquandiu libertinos dictos non ipsos, qui manumitterentur, sed ingenuos ex his procreatos,

Suet. Claud. 24:

libertorum filii apud antiquos libertini appellabantur, quasi de libertis nati. Nunc vero libertinus aut a liberto factus aut possessus,

Isid. Orig. 9, 4, 47: libertinos ab ingenuis adoptari jure posse, Mas. Sab. ap. Gell. 5, 19, 11.—

lībertīna, ae, f., a freedwoman, Plaut. Mil. 4, 1, 16:

ingenuamne an libertinam?

id. ib. 3, 1, 189:

amore libertinae perinfamis,

Suet. Vit. 2:

aulica,

id. Oth. 2; Gai. Inst. 3, § 51:

tutior merx est Libertinarum,

Hor. S. 1, 2, 48:

Myrtale,

id. C. 1, 33, 15:

Phryne,

id. Epod. 14, 15:

libertinas ducere,

Ulp. Fragm. 13, 1:

libertinae quae longa veste uterentur,

Macr. S. 1, 6, 13.

lībertīnus, i, v. 1. libertinus, II. A.

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lībertus, a, um, adj. [= liberatus, from libero], made free, set free, only as subst., one made free, a freedman, an emancipated person (so called in reference to the manumitter; cf. libertinus, II., and on the several classes of freedmen, v. Sanders ad Just. Inst. 1, 5, 3).

Lit.

līber-tus, i, m.:

tibi servire mavelim Multo, quam alii libertus esse,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 47:

nec mihi quidem libertus ullus est,

id. Curc. 4, 3, 15:

feci, e servo ut esses libertus mihi,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 10:

libertus Cossinii,

Cic. Fam. 13, 23: Ciceronis libertus Tiro, Quint. 10, 7, 31:

Claudii Caesaris libertus,

id. 6, 3, 81:

servos nostros libertos suos fecisset,

Cic. Mil. 33, 90; Suet. Claud. 27; Cic. Fam. 13, 21, 2; id. Sest. 35, 76: patrono in libertum manus injectio sit, Quint. 7, 7, 9; cf. id. 11, 1, 66.—

In fem.: lī-berta, ae (dat. and abl. libertis, Tac. A. 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 4, 2), a freedwoman:

jam libertā auctus es?

Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 15:

tua,

id. ib. 4, 8, 7:

mea,

id. Ep. 3, 4, 29:

matris meae liberta,

Suet. Claud. 40:

Anto niae liberta,

id. Vesp. 3:

si neque ipsa patrona neque liberta capite deminuta sit,

Gai. Inst. 3, § 51:

libertis libertabusque meis,

Dig. 50, 16, 105;

so esp. freq. in inscriptions: LIBERTIS LIBERTABVSQVE POSTERISQVE EORVM, etc.,

Inscr. Orell. 3006; 3026 sq.—

Transf., in gen., a freedman, without reference to the manumitter;

for the usual libertinus (only in late Lat.): de libertis et eorum liberis,

Cod. Just. 6, 7 (for which:

de libertinis,

Just. Inst. 1, 5; Cod. Just. 10, 56).

pā̆trōnus, i, m. [pater].

Lit., a protector, defender, patron (of individuals, or of cities and entire provinces; also, the former master of a freedman); PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

quot enim clientes circa singulos fuistis patronos, tot nunc, etc., Liv 6, 18, 6: ego me patronum profiteor plebis,

id. 6, 18, 14;

civitatum et nationum,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; id. Pis. 11, 25; cf.:

tum conventus ille Capuae, qui me unum patronum adoptavit, etc.,

id. Sest. 4, 9; Inscr. A. U. C. 742, Marin. Fratr Arv. p. 782; see also Inscr. Orell. 956; 1079; 3056 sq.:

patronus, defensor, custos coloniae,

Cic. Sull. 21, 60; id. Div. in Caecil. 1, 2.—Of the former master of a freedman or freedwoman:

volo me placere Philolachi, meo patrono,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 11: civis Romani liberti hereditatem Lex XII. Tabularum patrono defert, si intestato sine suo herede libertus decesserit, Ulp. Fragm. tit. 29, § 1; cf. Gai. Inst. 3, 40; Cic. Fam. 13, 21, 2:

corrupti in dominos servi, in patronos liberti,

Tac. H. 2, 2.—

Transf., a defender before a court of justice, an advocate, pleader (syn.:

advocatus, causidicus, procurator, cognitor): judicis est semper in causis verum sequi, patroni nonnumquam verisimile, etiamsi minus sit verum, defendere,

Cic. Off. 2, 14, 51; id. de Or. 2, 69, 280:

patronus alicui causae constitui,

id. Mur. 2, 4; cf.:

his de causis ego huic causae patronus exstiti,

id. Rosc. Am. 2, 5;

Lex. Servil. lin. 9: patronus partis adversae,

Quint. 4, 1, 11; cf.:

patronus adversarii,

id. 4, 1, 11; Tac. Or. 1.—

In gen., a defender, advocate:

eam legem a vestrorum commodorum patrono esse conscriptam,

Cic. Agr. 3, 1, 3:

foederum ac foederatorum,

id. Balb. 10, 25:

justitiae,

id. Lael. 7 fin.:

qui modo patronus nunc cupit esse cliens,

Ov. A. A. 1, 88.—Comically: [p. 1317] video ego te, propter malefacta qui es patronus parieti, i. e. standing like a patron in front of the wall (of one who, for fear of blows, places himself with his back to the wall, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 48; cf. id. Ps. 2, 2, 12. —As an affectionate and respectful form of address:

mi patrone, immo potius mi pater,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 8, 2; 16.

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Antĭgŏnus, i, m., = Antigonos.

Antigonus I., father of Demetrius Poliorcetes, Nep. Eum. 5, 7; Cic. Off. 2, 14, 48; Just. 13.—

Antigonus Gonatas, son of Demetrius Poliorcetes, Just. 17, 1; 24, 1 al.—

Antigonus Doson, Liv. 40, 54; Just. 28, 3.—

Antigonus of Cymœ, a writer on Agriculture, Varr. R. R. 1, 1, 8, Col. 1, 1, 9.—

A plastic artist, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 84.—

A messenger of king Deiotarus, Cic. Deiot. 15, 41.—

A Roman freedman, Cic. Fam. 13, 33.

Ăpella, ae, m.

The name of a Roman freedman, Cic. Att. 12, 19; id. Fam. 7, 25; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 17.—

The name of a credulous Jew who lived in the time of Horace; hence, appellative for a credulous man, Hor. S. 1, 5, 100.

Chrestus, i, m.

A mutilated form for Christus, Lact. 4, 7, 5; hence, Chrestiani, instead of Christiani, was used by many; cf. Tert. Apol. 3 fin. —

A Jew at Rome under the emperor Claudius, Suet. Claud. 15; v. the commentt. in h. l.—

A slave or freedman of Cicero, Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1.

Chrysippus, i, m., = Chrusippos.

One of the most distinguished of the Stoic philosophers, from Soli, in Cilicia, a pupil of Cleanthes and Zeno, Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; 2, 24, 75; 2, 27, 87 al.; id. de Or. 1, 11, 50; id. Fat. 4, 7; Hor. S. 2, 3, 44; id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; Sen. Ep. 113, 18; Lact. 3, 18, 15; Pers. 6, 80. —Hence,

Chrysippēus, a, um, adj., of Chrysippus, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

sophisma,

Hier. Ep. 69, 2.—

A physician of Cnidus, in the time of Alexander the Great, Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 17; 20, 10, 43, § 111.—Hence, chry-sippēa, ae, f. (sc. herba), a plant named after him, Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93.—

A freedman of Cicero, Cic. Att. 7, 2, 8 al.—

Chrysippus Vettius, an architect, Cic. Fam. 7, 14, 1; id. Att. 13, 29, 2 al.

Chrysippus, i, m., = Chrusippos.

One of the most distinguished of the Stoic philosophers, from Soli, in Cilicia, a pupil of Cleanthes and Zeno, Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; 2, 24, 75; 2, 27, 87 al.; id. de Or. 1, 11, 50; id. Fat. 4, 7; Hor. S. 2, 3, 44; id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; Sen. Ep. 113, 18; Lact. 3, 18, 15; Pers. 6, 80. —Hence,

Chrysippēus, a, um, adj., of Chrysippus, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

sophisma,

Hier. Ep. 69, 2.—

A physician of Cnidus, in the time of Alexander the Great, Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 17; 20, 10, 43, § 111.—Hence, chry-sippēa, ae, f. (sc. herba), a plant named after him, Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93.—

A freedman of Cicero, Cic. Att. 7, 2, 8 al.—

Chrysippus Vettius, an architect, Cic. Fam. 7, 14, 1; id. Att. 13, 29, 2 al.

Chrysippus, i, m., = Chrusippos.

One of the most distinguished of the Stoic philosophers, from Soli, in Cilicia, a pupil of Cleanthes and Zeno, Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 73; 2, 24, 75; 2, 27, 87 al.; id. de Or. 1, 11, 50; id. Fat. 4, 7; Hor. S. 2, 3, 44; id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; Sen. Ep. 113, 18; Lact. 3, 18, 15; Pers. 6, 80. —Hence,

Chrysippēus, a, um, adj., of Chrysippus, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

sophisma,

Hier. Ep. 69, 2.—

A physician of Cnidus, in the time of Alexander the Great, Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 17; 20, 10, 43, § 111.—Hence, chry-sippēa, ae, f. (sc. herba), a plant named after him, Plin. 26, 9, 60, § 93.—

A freedman of Cicero, Cic. Att. 7, 2, 8 al.—

Chrysippus Vettius, an architect, Cic. Fam. 7, 14, 1; id. Att. 13, 29, 2 al.

Chrysŏgŏnus, i, m.

L. Cornelius, a freedman of Sylla. —

A slave of Verres, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92.—

A player on the cithara, Juv. 6, 74; Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 6; cf. id. ib. 43, 124.

clĭentēla, ae, f. [id.], the relation of patron and client, clientship; patronage, protection; the intimate and reciprocal duties of attachment and interest, based on the private relations in Rome between a Roman of a lower grade (plebeian or freedman) or a foreigner, and the patron chosen by him (cf. Dion. Halic. 2, 9 and 10, pp. 83- 85; Gell. 5, 13; 20, 1): Thais patri se commendavit in clientelam et fidem, * Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 9; cf.: esse in fide et clientelā. to be the client of, Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93:

conferre se in fidem et clientelam alicujus,

id. ib. 37, 106: scis quam diligam Siculos et quam illam clientelam honestam judicem, [p. 354] id. Att. 14, 12, 1:

per nomen et clientelas inlustrior haberi,

Tac. A. 3, 55.—

Very freq., mostly in plur., concrete, clients, dependents:

amplissimas clientelas acceptas a majoribus confirmare poterit,

Cic. Fam. 13, 64, 2; so id. Cat. 4, 11, 23:

magna esse Pompei beneficia et magnas clientelas in provinciā sciebat,

bodies of clients, Caes. B. C. 2, 17; Sall. J. 85, 4; Vell. 2, 29; Tac. A. 3, 55:

incedentibus regiis clientelis,

id. ib. 12, 36; 13, 37; 14, 61; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Calig. 3.—In sing., Just. 8, 4, 8. —

In gen., clientship, alliance (cf. cliens, B.), Caes. B. G. 6, 12.—

Trop. (cf. cliens, II.), patronage, protection:

poëtae sub clientelā musarum esse,

Suet. Gram. 6.

Curtĭus, a, the name of a Roman gens.

C. Curtius Postumus, a partisan of Cæsar, Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 3; id. Fam. 2, 16, 7; id. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 3.—

Q. Curtius Rufus, the historiographer of Alexander the Great, etc., Plin. Ep. 7, 27, 2; Tac. A. 11, 21.—

Curtius Nicia, of Cos, freedman of a Curtius, a friend of Pompey, Cic. Fam. 9, 10, 1 sq.; Suet. Gram. 14.—Hence,

Adj.

Lacus Curtius, a place in Rome named after a certain Curtius, Varr. L. L. 5, § 148 Müll.; Liv. 7, 6, 5; Ov F. 6, 403;

also called Lacus Curtii,

Suet. Aug. 57; id. Galb. 20; Paul. ex Fest. p. 49, 8 Müll.—

Curtius Fons, a fountain, forty Roman miles from Rome, whose waters were conducted thither by Caligula, a part of the Aqua Claudia (v. Claudius, II. B.), Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 122; Front. Aquaed. 13 sq.; Suet. Claud. 20;

called also CVRTIA AQVA,

Inscr. Orell. 55.